A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) is a device that modulates the spatial distribution of an optical wave. It uses electrical signals to modulate various properties of light (amplitude, phase, polarization state, or even wavelength). SLMs are key components in opto-electronic systems for optical interconnects, optical correlation, optical computing, pattern recognition, image processing, and display technologies. Liquid-crystal SLMs offer high efficiency, low power consumption, fast response, and excellent optical quality, making them the market leader. Reflective LCoS (liquid-crystal on silicon) SLMs feature high reflectivity, high optical utilization, and small pixel size (large diffraction angle), and are widely used across these fields.  

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